Saturday, January 18, 2020

A Worn Path by Eudora Welty

The short story â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty depicts the struggle of a black woman in a white society. The protagonist in the story is an old black woman, Phoenix Jackson who travels through a worn path in the woods to acquire medicine for her grandson.The hardships she faces during her journey through the woods is symbolic of the struggle, she faces in her life as a black woman. Eudora Welty brings forth the notion that the fortitude, wisdom and courage of Jackson aid her in winning the struggle against a racist society.FortitudePhoenix Jackson displays fortitude when she faces hardships in her life, and during her journey through the woods. Phoenix was aware that it was dangerous to travel in the deep woods, as there were wild animals lurking in the forest. But still she decides to travel through the forest and calls on the wild animals to stay out of her way, â€Å"Out of my way, all you foxes, owls, beetles, jack rabbits, coons and wild animals!† (Welty).The f act that the â€Å"The woods were deep and still† never deterred her from continuing with her journey. â€Å"At the foot of this hill was a place where a log was laid across the creek†, but Phoenix crosses the log with great dexterity. (Welty). It is the determination of Phoenix that provides her with the strength to carry on with her journey in spite of being faced by numerous obstacles in her path.Phoenix Jackson emerges as a wise woman who bears with her hardships patiently, hoping that the future will bring an end to her troubles. Even while her dress is caught up in a bush, she thinks that the thorns are carrying on their work, â€Å"Thorns, you doing your appointed work. Never want to let folks pass, no sir†. (Welty).She is wise enough to understand that the thorns were doing their duty and it was her duty to make her way through the thorns. She frees herself from the thorns, â€Å"Finally, trembling all over, she stood free†. (Welty). Instead of co mplaining about the impediments in her path, she endeavors to find a way out of them. She finds a way to pass through a barbed-wire fence, â€Å"spreading her knees and stretching her fingers like a baby trying to climb the steps†. (Welty). The wisdom of Phoenix aids her in overcoming the adversities of her journey and life.CourageAnother trait that aids Phoenix in her struggle is her courage. Even when the white man holds a gun towards her, she stays still. When asked by the white man whether she was frightened by the gun, she replies, â€Å"No, sir, I seen plenty go off closer by, in my day, and for less than what I done†. (Welty).Looking at her age, the white man advises Phoenix to stay at home so that she will be safe. But Phoenix refuses to listen and insists on continuing with her journey, â€Å"I bound to go on my way, mister.† (Welty). Phoenix never stopped until she reached her destination, â€Å"She walked on.† (Welty). Phoenix is a courageous w oman who faces the dangers in her journey bravely.ConclusionIn her short story â€Å"A Worn Path†, Eudora Welty brings forth the struggle of a black woman, Phoenix Jackson in a society where blacks were considered as inferior beings. The obstacles that she encounters during her journey through the woods are representative of the hardships she has to face in her society while leading her life as a black woman.With the aid of her fortitude, wisdom and courage, Phoenix emerges victorious in her journey through the forest and the journey of life. She reaches her destination after travelling through the dangerous forest. As far as her life is concerned, she is positive about her future in spite of the fact that she is struggling in the present times.Works CitedWelty, Eudora. A Worn Path. 2 March 2009.http://www.moonstar.com/~acpjr/Blackboard/Common/Stories/WornPath.html

Friday, January 10, 2020

Life After Good Essay Topics for Foundations of Sociology

Life After Good Essay Topics for Foundations of Sociology The Principles of Good Essay Topics for Foundations of Sociology You Will be Able to Learn From Beginning Immediately The thing is you will probably fail to finish a productive research paper with no interest in the explored issue. See whether any are appealing to you. From that point you'll be in a position to develop the very best idea. Talk about the sociological significance of the brief story Daisy Miller. The Tried and True Method for Good Essay Topics for Foundations of Sociology in Step by Step Detail Every great sociology essay creates a point about something which matters. The substantial value of sociology is tough to overestimate since we're constantly faced with it in our day-to-day life. Take excellent notes and remember sociology is all about concepts. A sociology essay ought to be factual since sociology is likewise an empirical science. Let's find out how it is possible to write a very good sociology paper. To begin with, it's required to understand this in order to understand how to compose a sociology essay, it takes quite a lengthy moment. It's quite hard to choose what you wish to write about, as sociology studies plenty of aspects and has plenty of topics to discuss, however we might provide you with a number of the topics to decide to write about in your research paper on sociology. Take a peek at our list of flawless sociology essay topics and elect for the one that you locate the most exciting. Simply take a look and see whether there are any research topics in psychology for college students which you would discover useful. As already said above, sociology is quite an elaborate science, so there's much specialized and statistical information within it. Arguments ought to be convincing and reasonable. Choice of a topic is extremely important, so think about something really surprising. You must know how you start your essays and the way you draw conclusions. It can seem to be an effortless job to select an essay but often with too many selections readily available, it becomes tough to hone in on one great question. Additionally, this issue of your paper needs to be interesting not just for you but also for your audience. Utilize our very best samples to compose nice academic papers. You are able to also write about the similarities between any 2 movements that happened in two distinct elements of the planet. Biologically, all of the human beings have the identical race. Speaking about this subject, it's important to mention the large impact the western civilizations produce on the rest of the planet. The impacts of the Jewish faith in the previous century. The Downside Risk of Good Essay Topics for Foundations of Sociology The impacts of domestic violence on children frequently have a long-lasting impact and certain elements help determine the personality development of the kid. Unfortunately, poverty is among the fundamental issue in modern society. Other ideas may include the fantastic debates in states hoping to add in gambling to raise the access to jobs, or in the event the present economic conditions have changed the values in the united states. Depending upon the portion of the planet, that you're conducting a research to analyze the root of poverty, you may find different reasons or causes of poverty. Quantitative data are usually numbers, example surveys and census may be a very good supply of such info. The information to be given is normally a confession. Some topics seem potentially intriguing but when you get started investigating them you determine that there's so little information available. If you're still in search, we'll be happy to aid you. Finding Good Essay Topics for Foundations of Sociology on the Web Following that, you might have a peek at essay structure. To finish a great research paper you ar e supposed to incorporate a good deal of references to reliable sources in your work. Hopefully a single day your essay will motivate you to find success. Your sociology essay is going to be delivered punctually and can be finished in no more than 8 hours for rush work.

Thursday, January 2, 2020

The Monsters in the Epic of Beowulf Essay - 1831 Words

The poem Beowulf, believed to be written between 650 and 800 by a group of monks, contains several complex characters that have sparked discussions throughout the years. Scholars still continue to ponder over the unanswered questions about characters, such as whether Grendel is monster or human, whether Grendel is evil or not, and what the monsters in Beowulf signify. Other important, though less accepted questions include whether Beowulf is really a hero, or is in actuality a monster, and what allows the characters to be classified as either evil, or not evil. Because both sides of these arguments can be sufficiently supported with textual evidence, it is the reader’s responsibility to defend an appropriate answer. There are no†¦show more content†¦There is enough textual evidence provided in the poem of Beowulf for the reader to assume that Grendel is a monster, which few critics argue. As a means of backing this up, the reader can point out direct statements in the poem, for example, several times Grendel is called â€Å"†¦ a fiend out of hell,† who is trying to â€Å"†¦ work his evil in the world† (Beowulf 9), and a â€Å"†¦ God- cursed brute†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Beowulf 49). One can also utilize the direct descriptions of Grendel, for he is described as being strong enough to â€Å"†¦ grab thirty men from their resting places and rush to his lair†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Beowulf 11), which is hardly humanlike. Along with these direct statements that Grendel is a monster, there are several facts that are not directly stated, however, they are essential to Grendel’s classification. There are several indirect statements in the poem that help to classify Grendel as a monster. For example, there is much depravation in Grendel’s life that separates him from the other human beings of that time period. Such as the fact that Grendel is a loner, banished from society, which shows that Grendel has no human communications, which is doubtlessly not a humanlike characteristic. Grendel also has no father, but instead has only a mother, which is bizarre because many of the other characters introduce themselves as â€Å"son of ____†, and indeed, despite the fact that Beowulf’s father is dead, he is often referred to as, â€Å"†¦Show MoreRelatedComparing Beowulf And The Epic Of Beowulf937 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Roman Empire. In the story Beowulf, his actions portray him, indeed be an epic hero. Both Christianity and Paganism are both portrayed throughout the epic Beowulf. Beowulf frequently speaks of God throughout the story, while there are also many Pagan elements that are evident throughout the story as well. In addition, It s hard to ignore the Christian and Pagan elements in Beowulf. These types of elements are what define the heroic warrior in the epic Beowulf(Vengeance the Pagan and ChristianRead MoreThe Epic Of Beowulf By William Shakespeare939 Words   |  4 Pageswithout actually writing things down. These epics would be passed from one another through verbal communication and were based around different aspects of life for a someone of Anglo-Saxon descent. The story Beowulf is a perfect example of how Anglo-Saxons based their stories around their beliefs on how a hero should behave. Around the time the story was first told, people were often terrified of the horrible things in the world. The character Beowulf was built around how a hero would be representedRead MoreWhat Are The Characteristics Of Beowulf1458 Words   |  6 PagesOctober 2017 Beowulf Have you ever thought of being so strong that you have the ability to fight with a dragon and kill it? Beowulf, an epic written in England by an anonymous writer that tells how this powerful and fearless human being that fights monsters and dinosaurs with his bare hands and sometimes with weapons. An Epic is a long narrative poem, sometimes developed orally, that celebrates heroic deeds and legendary events (Wiggins 39). This epic generally describes about how Beowulf was a greatRead MoreBeowulf : An Epic Poem Derived From Old World Storytelling Traditions1090 Words   |  5 PagesMs. Michelle Boykin EH 203 (Fall 2015) First Essay: Beowulf October 5, 2015 Beowulf: An Epic Poem Derived from Old World Storytelling Traditions The classic poem Beowulf recorded by a monk during eleventh century A.D., and of unknown authorship, is thought to have been passed down over time through oral traditions of storytelling, popular during that period in history. Most likely the listeners and retellers of these types of these stories would have been warriors themselves, much likeRead MoreWhy Is Beowulf Considered A Hero?983 Words   |  4 PagesMay 2016 Why is Beowulf considered a hero? Beowulf, an epic hero of his time, has some people that don’t think he should be considered a hero, but I think otherwise. He killed many monsters, and creatures from various places, saving the people who live(d) there, and this is the definition of a hero, â€Å"a person, typically a man, who is admired or idealized for courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities.† That definition really describes Beowulf because of the outstandingRead MoreBeowulf the Hero1005 Words   |  5 PagesBeowulf The Hero â€Å"†¦ A fiend out of hell†(Heaney 100). These words describe the monster Grendel, who is truly an evil entity. Only an epic hero with strength, courage and confidence is able to defeat this mighty foe. This hero’s name is Beowulf. He displays all of these throughout the epic. Beowulf’s first epic hero trait is confidence. Beowulf displays confidence when he talked to Unferth in the great hall Heorot. Beowulf said, â€Å"†¦but he will find me different. I will show him how Geats shapeRead MoreSymbolism Of Beowulf716 Words   |  3 PagesIn the epic poem Beowulf, Grendel who is the first monster Beowulf battles snatched up 30 men and it is to be said that beowulf has the strength of 30 men. Beowulf is an epic poem translated by Burton Raffel. In Beowulf there is three battles with three different monsters, Grendel, Grendels mother, and a dragon. The three battles have a symbolic meaning throughout the whole book. The three battles in the epic poem represent more than just two enemies fighting for victory, they are battles betweenRead MoreEssay Beowulf: Epic or Elegy?763 Words   |  4 PagesWriting Lab III Beowulf: Epic or Elegy? Beowulf is a poem written in manuscript form created in England sometime between the years 700 and 1000AD. The author is unknown to this day. Is Beowulf an epic poem or an elegy? An epic is â€Å"a long narrative poem in elevated style presenting characters of high position in adventures forming an organic whole through their relation to a central heroic figure and through their development of episodes important to the history of a nation or race† (HarmonRead MoreEssay on Monsters and Men in Macbeth, Beowulf, Frankstien1179 Words   |  5 Pages Monsters and Men (Unit Paper) For ages, we have wondered what is the difference between monsters and men that make them who they are. What are the characteristics that define a monster? Typically it’s the bad guy, the person or thing that comes into the story just to cause massacre or stand in the protagonist’s way. On the other Men are just defined as people who are the opposite of evil. There can be multiple people in a story who can be characterized asRead MoreEssay on Beowulf study guide1576 Words   |  7 Pages1) Describe how we find King Hrothgar and his response to learning that Beowulf has come to his kingdom. A. The king is sad and depressed that his kingdom has fallen into such a state of disrepair. He is overjoyed to learn that Beowulf, whom he knows from stories and his father, Ecgtheow, has come to fight Grendel. Hrothgar promises Beowulf treasure if he can defeat the monster. 2) In the beginning of â€Å"Beowulf,† King Hrothgar’s hall has been deserted for twelve years. In a short essay, tell why

Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Level 5 Childcare and Education Unit 139 - 7728 Words

Unit 139 Lead Practice that supports positive outcomes for children and young people’s development. 1.1 Explain different theories and frameworks of children and young person’s development Refer back to 137. 1.2 Explain the potential impact on service provision of different theories and approaches Sigmund Freud Freud believed that our unconscious minds influence the way in which we behave. He thought that our early experiences caused our later adult behaviour. We are influenced by this in our provision by being good role models for children. We also make sure that they are always safe, and do not experience any negativity that may harm or influence their development. For example, we always praise and reward children to encourage confidence†¦show more content†¦This is essential to see the childcare setting as it is day in and day out. There are no false settings and the business is inspected as it would be on any other day. I believe this is very important, as the CSIW can see whether their seven aims are being met, and how well the children are being looked after. Foundation Phase This is the statutory curriculum for all 3-7 year olds in Wales. This curriculum is for both maintained and non-maintained settings. Children are given opportunities to explore the world around them and understand how things work. They do this by taking part in practical activities that are relevant to their development. The curriculum focuses on experiential learning, active involvement, and developing each child. Personal and Social Development Encourages self esteem, personal beliefs, and moral values. Language, Literacy and Communication Skills Children are encouraged to communicate their needs, feelings and thoughts. They are given opportunities to choose and use reading materials. Mathematical Development Children use numbers with daily activities eg. Songs. They also develop a range of flexible methods for working mentally with numbers. For example, when playing number games and flash cards. Welsh Language Where the children are encouraged to communicate in welsh and become involved in welsh activities. Knowledge and Understanding of the World Children are given experiences that increase their curiosityShow MoreRelatedA Rationale for teaching the Foundation Subjects within Early Years and Primary Education, with specific reference to History1891 Words   |  8 PagesThe underlying basis for the inclusion of foundation subjects within early years and primary education might not be immediately apparent, particularly for first year students studying towards qualified teacher status. This essay will, therefore, unfold the reasons for this inclusion whilst including specific reference to the enclosure of history teaching. The National Curriculum (NC), introduced in 1988 and currently undergoing revision, consists of the core subjects: English, mathematics and science;Read MoreLearning and Social Care Essay examples30870 Words   |  124 PagesCACHE Qualification Specification CACHE Level 3 Diploma for the Children and Young People’s Workforce (QCF) CACHE Level 3 Diploma for the Children and Young People’s Workforce (QCF) CACHE  © Copyright 2011 All rights reserved worldwide.    Reproduction by approved CACHE centres is permissible for internal use under the following conditions: CACHE has provided this Qualification Specification in Microsoft Word format to enable its Centres to use its content more flexibly within their ownRead MoreLabor Force Participation of Women in Malaysia5601 Words   |  23 Pagescontinued to be given priority in support the implementation of a productivity-driven growth, which required highly skilled, trainable and knowledge manpower. Emphasis continued to be given to increase accessibility to education at all levels in line with the democratization of the education policy. The high growth rate of the economy was achieved with the price stability and since 1995, with virtually full employment before the currency crisis erupted in the late 1997. The rapid expansion in manufacturingRead MoreSociology Essay20437 Words   |  82 Pagesrelation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. Published in 2010 by: Nelson Thornes Distance Learning Delta Place 27 Bath Road CHELTENHAM GL53 7TH United Kingdom 10 11 12 13 14 15 / 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Page make-up by diacriTech, Chennai, India Printed and bound in Great Britain by Berforts Group Acknowledgements The authors and publishers wish to thank the following for permission to use copyright material: Crown copyright  © materialRead MoreLeadership for Health and Social Care and Children65584 Words   |  263 PagesQUALIFICATION HANDBOOK Level 5 Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care and Children and Young People’s Services (England) (3978-51/52/53/54/55/56) December 2011 Version 2.1 (July 2011) Qualification at a glance Subject area City Guilds number Age group approved Entry requirements Assessment Fast track Level 5 Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care and Children and Young People’s Services (England) 3978 19+ There are no entry requirements Portfolio of Evidence, PracticalRead MoreSocio-Cultural Development17197 Words   |  69 Pagestrends—an ageing population Immigration and multiculturalism Class structure Inequality A woman’s place? Looking ahead Summary Case study: decline of the working class? 123 150 152 152 153 153 153 Review and discussion questions 125 128 132 135 139 145 149 149 Assignments Further reading Online resources References 05 122 Environments X Learning objectives When you have completed this chapter you will be able to: l Explain the nature of the social and cultural environmentsRead More7 Eleven Case Study13121 Words   |  53 Pagesprovision of the goods and services demanded by customers. Realizing this requires various management strategies, such as a thorough store open planning, an assortment of merchandise that suits the particular needs of the community, and the proper education and treatment of employees. Seven-Eleven Japan has put in a place a system for continuous, multi-faceted support of franchisee management. Specialist counselors from store open planning to store management support Prior to soliciting new franchiseesRead MoreThesis, Term Paper, Essay, Research Paper21993 Words   |  88 PagesBlack women, 17% of Coloured women, 30% of Indian women and 17% of White women gave birth before turning 20 years of age (National Population Unit, in press 2003). The differences in incidence of teenage pregnancy among racial and ethnic groups result from socio-economic factors. Teenage pregnancy is prevalent in societies characterised by poverty, low education, fewer job opportunities and families headed by mothers who gave birth to their first children in adolescence (Dryfoos, 1996; Macleod, 1999)Read MoreOrganization Restructuring26680 Words   |  107 PagesINTERVENTION: Most commonly used name, along with alternatives. 2. TARGET LEVEL(S) OF ANALYSIS: Is it directed toward organization-wide, group/ unit/ department, or individual change? 3. 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Monday, December 16, 2019

Audiences and Spectatorship Free Essays

string(38) " audiences as being passive entities\." Are audiences’ vulnerable pawns ensnared under the manipulative and calculating control of the media or, do audiences’ actively engage in the media by constructing their own interpretations and meanings of the world? This is an extremely controversial issue that is extensively debated all around the world. Some view audiences as being easily influenced masses of people who can be persuaded to purchase products and conform to societies ideals or even follow corrupt leaders through advertising. There have also been fears that the media may alter the way people behave for example, being more violent and aggressive. We will write a custom essay sample on Audiences and Spectatorship or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other side of the coin, there are theorists who believe that the media has a great deal less influence over audiences then is hypothesized. This is the central argument that this essay will be debating, to conclude whether audiences are passive individuals who are targeted victims of the media, or whether they are active and are thus not fictitious cohorts who believe everything they are told or watch in the media. To avoid misrepresentation the definition and differentiation of audiences is crucial. An Audience is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ dictionary definition. There are two types of audiences that are marketed in the media-mass and niche. The mass audience includes people of different social cultures, different degrees of class and wealth and people with varying grades of education. The mass is composed of individuals who are oblivious to each other and who, in an ocean of people, don’t individually stand out. Due to this oblivion, members of the mass audience rarely interact and this lack of interaction means little exchange of experiences. A niche is that part of the audience, being relatively small in size, that marketers produce and can thus be easily targeted, producing only a small but secure profit. Audiences are not blank sheets of paper on which media messages can be written; members of an audience will have prior attitudes and beliefs which will determine how effective media messages are. † (Abercrombie, 1996:140) Mass media assumes that its audiences are credulous, susceptible and incompetent. This is however challenged by the idea of an ‘active audience’ in which individuals are not mere sheep that follow the flock but individuals who possess agency over their lives and the messages they receive. As Philip Hanes (2000) states, meanings are encoded by the producer into the media text and the audiences decodes the meaning from the text. â€Å"†¦ this intended message is not simply dumped into the minds of passive audiences†¦ â€Å"(Croteau and Hoynes, 2000:263), the producer inscribes a specific meaning in the text that he/she hopes to be decoded, but encodes it by the conventions of the particular medium so as to hide the texts own ideological construction. This concealed message is then decoded by the audience according to external influences such as class, ethnicity, gender, age etc. Thus a text could mean completely different things to different audiences meaning that no text has only one meaning and is thus polysemic. ‘Reception Analysis’ suggests the audience themselves help to create the meaning of the text by individually decoding the intended message in different ways according to the mood one may be in or as a result of ones own beliefs and morals. So we can conclude that audiences create their own meanings from the text and are thus not mere passive adherents. However, Its is also shown that media texts contain an excess of meanings within them and thus, â€Å"media contains the raw materials for multiple interpretations; the texts are structured in ways that facilitate peoples reading against the grain†¦ the most successful texts will have components that appeal to different audiences† (Croteau and Hoynes, 2000:266-267) As with all debates it is imperative to discuss and analyze certain theories pertaining to that debate. Firstly, it is important to note that the media only has a limited influence and effect on audiences. As Klapper(1960) demonstrates, â€Å"persuasive mass communication is in general more likely to reinforce the existing opinions of its audience than it is to change its opinion. † The idea of ‘Selectivity† deals with the idea of the resistant audience-it is up to the audience to resist the manipulative powers of the media and be not only cognizant of its manipulative capacity but bend these manipulations in favour of themselves. The Gratifications theory is in support of the premise that audiences are active. This theory testifies that we do not engage in media texts as â€Å"some kind of mindless entertainment. â€Å"(Baker) but make choices over what we consume and thus presume to get something out of it, some form of satisfaction. The types of gratification that we incur comprise of: satisfying our curiosity regarding the world-information; finding ones personal identity by looking to others i. e. celebrities for assistance and corroboration; to find out more about others circumstances and for social interaction(Media allows for communication amongst friends. ); and lastly for pure entertainment. Agenda setting’ deals with the notion that although there is an abundance of media messages being thrown at the audience, the audience intercepts this bombardment with their prior beliefs and attitudes. Thus media effects are limited because the audience practices a degree of autonomy. The Marketplace Model positions the audience in the rank of the consumer. This model states that audiences are not inert victims of the media but enthusiastically elect to choose commodities that satisfy their desires and preferences. This model suggests that audiences are realistic and clued-up and know exactly what it is they want. Their preferences allow them to pick and choose the viewing they wish to indulge in and if â€Å"the audience demands diverse content, then the marketplace will provide it. â€Å"(Webster and Phalen, 1994:29) This model insinuates that in view of the fact that audiences actively engage in their choice of viewing they, to a certain degree, have power over the media. One must, however, not be too hasty in succumbing to the notion of the active audience because there is a proliferation of theories regarding audiences as being passive entities. You read "Audiences and Spectatorship" in category "Papers" The debate concerning audiences being passive victims of the media and media being capable of radically effecting people’s behavior and beliefs, dates far back into history. An extremely appropriate illustration of this is when Hitler and Stalin attempted to use the media as propaganda by persuading the mass audiences to follow their policies and beliefs. Thus we can see how what an extremely precarious weapon media can be in the wrong hands, capable even of convincing millions to follow iniquitous beliefs. We see this persuasion still today in elections which is the same sort of propaganda. The Effects model of media audiences assumes that being exposed to adverse content can result in harm, that the audience is equally harmed by the media withholding high-quality content and the fact that although beneficial content is made accessible, it is being underused by the audience. â€Å"The Commodity Model is less wedded to any notion of audiences as individual decision makers and is more a reflection of the fact that, under advertiser support, they are a common coin of exchange. (Webster, 1994:30) Audiences are thus seen as commodities; the media will construct a text, in such a way that it will produce an audience. An example of this is the show Friends and how it is theorized that this show is actually a method of selling beauty products. Friends features stunning people, in amusing situations who are all blissful. Thus young audiences wanting to follow the latest trends of the main characters and experience their happiness would buy the beauty products sponsoring the show. In the argument pro passivity, â€Å"The Frankfurt School, who were concerned about the possible effects of mass media†¦ considered society to be composed of isolated individuals who were susceptible to media messages. â€Å"(Hanes, 2000) Thus the theory of the Hypodermic Syringe was proposed. This theory states that the media takes on the life of a syringe by injecting principles, and beliefs into the audience, who as passive mass viewers have no option but to be influenced and accept or imitate these messages. An example of this is if you see a woman sweeping the floor, being a woman you would go and do the same or being a man, you would expect the woman to go and sweep the floor. † Certain films such as the Exorcist were banned for this very reason; it was felt that it might encourage people to imitate the acts of violence in the film, in other words, if you watch something violent you will accordingly perform a violent act yourself. Yet another theory supporting the passivity debate is the Cultivation theory. This theory surmises that although an individual media text might not impact or affect an individual, years and years of being exposed to violence may consequently make you less sensitive and responsive to violence. If an audience, for instance, is constantly exposed to domestic violence, it may not bother them too much because they have been desensitized and domestic violence may have become just another societal norm which is exceptionally problematic. Yet another theory hypothesizes that we are likely to communicate our media encounters with others, and if we value their judgment, the likelihood is that we will be influenced by it and thus come to a deduction concerning our experience established on the foundation of the ‘opinion leaders’. These theories give us a great deal of insight into the reality of the audience as a passive victim. It is imperative that mention is given of how violence in the media can influence audiences as this is an integral part favouring the audience as victims’ debate. It seems evident that by observing violent or aggressive acts on television and film, audiences are learn behaviors which are appropriate, in other words, which behaviors will be punished and which are rewarded. Audiences imitate those behaviors which are positively rewarded. For instance, if the protagonist is in a fight scene with the ‘enemy,’ although the enemy may get punished by being defeated by the protagonist and thus the protagonist be rewarded for defeating evil, the protagonist himself was still involved in the violence and aggression. What is problematic is the fact that the protagonist is seen as the hero and is in turn imitated by audiences as it is seen as a good thing. So we can assume that violence in television and film is encoded and continuous viewing of this violence can help to maintain aggressive thoughts and violent ideas. It is also evident how the media may allow for the release of tension and desires through identification with fictional characters. Violent acts in the media may also erode inbuilt inhibitions against acting violently. Through the attraction of television and films, audiences acquire an imprecise comprehension of society, realism and moral values. Although the many theories surrounding the debate of whether audiences are passive or active are extremely influential, they have also been criticized. Firstly, the Gratifications theory can be criticized as it disregards the actuality that we do not always have absolute selection as to what we receive from the media. We typically have to choose the media that we consume from what is available. This emasculates the Gratification theory since we may not all have the equal prospects to utilize and benefit from the media merchandise we want. The Hypodermic Model can also be criticized on account of it being too simplistic and disregarding audiences’ individuality. There is a definite association between the mass media and social change but many of the consequences attributed to the mass media can also be attributed to many other influences within society, thus the extensive debate. In weighing up the evidence of whether mass media is influential or not, it is clearly identifiable that the media does play a major role in the construction of representations in society. Therefore we see how the media is used as a powerful instrument in influencing audiences into certain modes and beliefs within society. So we can deduce from the arguments presented in this essay that while audiences are passive victims of an all-encompassing world of messages, they too are active in that they can rebel against the medias domination by ardently participating in it or by resisting it. How to cite Audiences and Spectatorship, Papers

Sunday, December 8, 2019

The Forest free essay sample

I am the forest, writing on behalf of my mute children whom you have pledged to clear from existence. I address this not to the people who breathe with iron lungs nor to the people who feel with metallic hearts but to the last living remnant of compassion and humanity in each one of you. Hope you have enough clean air to breathe when you read this, because I dont.Have you ever wondered what my children, the trees would say if they could speak? They are sad, angry, disappointed yet somehow manage to be compassionate and forgiving, which is truly the saddest of all. My children watch while you cut down their siblings. You merciless humans, plow down such beautiful creations, and all for what? A little more elbow room? You deprive them of their basic needs; obstruct their path to find water with your plastic wastes. They suffocate themselves so that you can breathe without any obstructions. We will write a custom essay sample on The Forest or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You dont even let them mourn in peace. That is what happens in autumn. Perhaps when my children shed their leaves, they are weeping for all they have lost, all they have been unjustly robbed off as you just watch them wail. You watch them mourn and you think that its beautiful.You, who are destroyers at heart, riot through life with torches and pitchforks in your hands, leaving bones and fire and rotting flesh in your wake. It is a shame that we have to face your gratuitous wrath. If only my children could speak. If only they could testify you. If only they could be granted justice. If only they could strike back. Broken shrieks of despair and fury would erupt from their throats. We were here first, You havent the right, After all we have done for you, they would say. Their branches would blaze with fire, rage dancing in the flames as you steal their existence, leaving only a stump of life before swiping that away, too. Lifeless bare branches would cast their haunting shadows over the ground, wishing they could trap you in their livid hold. Take my word. They could trample you; they would win and I would be glad when they do.Humans are the most disappointing creation. Trees, after all of their long years, would be wise enough to realize this. Pride and greed blind you, and you do not see past your selfish needs. The green monster in your heads sputters out demands for more, more, more. The trees only give. They provide oxygen and shade and something truly beautiful to look at. If they could speak, they would say, You should all be ashamed of yourselves. And you should be.Despite all that you are guilty of, the trees express compassion. They give you shade when you are too hot. They stand over you like watchdogs, wishing away the heat. Even so, you complain of the uncomfortable ground that they reside in. You ungrateful beasts, even when they let you ogle at their beauty while they are weeping in the sad autumn months asking what they did to deserve their undoing, they allow you to scrape together the remains of their grief and they only watch as you have the audacity to play with their leaves as if they came from joy.My children are so forgiving. It is a mystery to me, why they excuse you after all that you have done. They mourn in autumn, thrive in summer and become leafless and lifeless in winter. Yet spring will always come again, without fail. My children will forgive you, it is in their nature. They will bloom for you again, and you will remain oblivious to the absolution they grant you. Their leaves will stretch down, offering a gentle caress that can only be saying: We forgive you. I wish they were not so kind. You do not deserve their mercy. Perhaps that is why trees are so much taller than you. They tower over you and you are forced to look up at them. No wonder you are so small. As your fellow human, Maggie Stiefvater said, If I were a tree, I would have no reason to love a human, and yes, my children have no reason to love you, to purify the air you breathe, to give you shade, wood or their products. Yet, they do. They love you and let you rejoice at the cost of their sorrow.Who has not looked on the flowering laburnum and laughed in sheer joy? Who has not watched the red orange burst of the flame of the forest and been inspired? Who has not stolen mangoes, climbed banyans and tamarind trees and then taken respite in the shade? Can you ever just look at a tree in its prime, with the wind in its leaves, or the light spilling through its branches, or the rain sweeping down its trunk and not be moved? How can one not feel protective of a young gentle sapling struggling in a storm, knowing it has a long way to go?One blessed human, Rabindranath Tagore, wrote:The same stream of life that runs through my veins night and day runs through the world and dances in rh ythmic measures.It is the same life that shoots in joy through the dust of the earth in numberless blades of grass and breaks into tumultuous waves of leaves and flowers.It is the same life that is rocked in the ocean-cradle of birth and of death, in ebb and in flow.I feel my limbs are made glorious by the touch of this world of life. And my pride is from the life-throb of ages dancing in my blood this moment.If that remnant of compassion still remains alive within you, leave us alone. Start recycling paper. Reduce pollution. We cannot take more of your toxins. Come to us for the products we willingly give you. Dont force my children to consume your artificial fertilizers. To build your houses, you have destroyed the homes of my animal friends. Let them survive. Dont make them suffer the same fate we were doomed to so far.We share the same space that the Mother Earth has graciously given us. Let us not compete, because whoever wins, it will be you who will take up the heavier losses.Thank you.Your enduring co-habitant,The Forest.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

The Holy Trinity By Masaccio Essays - Visual Arts, Christian Art

The Holy Trinity by Masaccio The Holy Trinity by Masaccio was done approximately 1428. It is a superb example of Masaccio's use of space and perspective. It consists of two levels of unequal height. Christ is represented on the top half, in a coffered, barrel-vaulted chapel. On one side of him is the Virgin Mary, and on the other, St. John. Christ himself is supported by God the Father, and the Dove of the Holy Spirit rests on Christ's halo. In front of the pilasters that enframe the chapel kneel the donors (husband and wife). Underneath the altar (a masonry insert in the painted composition) is a tomb. Inside the tomb is a skeleton, which may represent Adam. The vanishing point is at the center of the masonry altar, because this is the eye level of the spectator, who looks up at the Trinity and down at the tomb. The vanishing point, five feet above the floor level, pulls both views together. By doing this, an illusion of an actual structure is created. The interior volume of this 'structure' is an tension of the space that the person looking at the work is standing in. The adjustment of the spectator to the pictured space is one of the first steps in the development of illusionistic painting. Illusionistic painting fascinated many artists of the Renaissance and Baroque periods. The proportions in this painting are so numerically exact that one can actually calculate the numerical dimensions of the chapel in the background. The span of the painted vault is seven feet, and the depth is nine feet. "Thus, he achieves not only successful illusion, but a rational, metrical coherence that, by maintaining the mathematical proportions of the surface design, is responsible for the unity and harmony of this monumental composition." Two principal interests are summed up by The Holy Trinity: Realism based on observation, and the application of mathematics to pictorial organization. All of the figures are fully clothed, except for that of Christ himself. He is, however, wearing a robe around his waist. The figure is "real"; it is a good example of a human body. The rest of the figures, who are clothed, are wearing robes. The drapery contains heavy folds and creases, which increases the effect of shadows. The human form in its entirety is not seen under the drapery; only a vague representation of it is seen. It is not at all like the 'wet-drapery' of Classical antiquity. Massacio places the forms symmetrically in the composition. Each has its own weight and mass, unlike earlier Renaissance works. The fresco is calm, and creates a sad mood. The mood is furthered by the darkness of the work, and the heavy shadows cast. Grunewald's The Isenheim Altarpiece is an oil painting on wood, completed in 1515. The altar is composed of a carved wooden shrine with two pairs of movable panels, one directly in back of the other. The outermost scene is the Crucifixion; on the inside there are two others. On the two sides, two saints are represented (St. Sebastian on the left, and St. Anthony on the right). Together, these saints established the theme of disease and healing that is reinforced by the inner paintings. On the bottom of the panel, when opened, it appears that Christ's legs were amputated; possibly an allusion to ergotism, a disease treated in the hospital where the altarpiece was kept. An image of the terrible suffering of Christ is in the middle. The suffering body hangs against the dark background, which falls all the way to the earth. The flesh is discolored by decomposition and is studded with the thorns of the lash. His blackening feet twist in agony, as do his arms. His head is to one side, and his fingers appear as crooked spikes. The shuddering tautness of Christ's nerves is expressed through the positions of his fingers. Up to this point, no other artist has ever produced such an image of pain. The sharp, angular shapes of anguish appear in the figures of the swooning Virgin and St. John, and in the shrill delirium of the Magdalene. On the other side, John the Baptist, a gaunt form, points a finger at the body of the dead Christ. Even though death and suffering are dominant in the altarpiece, there are symbols of hope: The river behind St. John, which represents baptism, and the wine-red sky which symbolizes the blood of Christ. Through these bols, a hope of salvation is offered to the viewer. The use of space is ambiguous