Comparison and Differences between Date Positivism and Post-Positivism Assignment

Comparison and Differences between Date Positivism and Post-Positivism Concepts - Assignment Example Post-positivism is the exact rejection of the tenets that supported positivism. Having been coined after the original idea, post-positivism recognizes that the observable world has a connection between what scientists think and work. This implies that there is no difference between the scientific reasoning and the common sense reasoning. To verify observable phenomena in science, procedures are followed. This, therefore, means that in the scientific verifications, something beyond the measurable and observable, in this case, knowledge is achieved (Giddens & Sutton, 2010). To the sociology research today, the two concepts are important in that they guide the search for scientific answers. Whereas the positivist view of research holds that science should measure the observable in the search for truth, the post-positivist view of the same is that all measurements have an error and is fallible. This means that deeper inquiry is required to ensure that science holds steadfast the goal of getting it right about what is measured in research. The order perspective is based on the belief that the society is held close by shared principles and concepts. These concepts are responsible for the social consensus that is observed in any society. The cohesion and interdependence of the people in the society are a secured by the shared norms and beliefs (organic and mechanical solidarity). Conflicts according to this perspective arise from new perspectives that come to intrude the normal perceptions of beliefs and concepts. In the light of this perspective, structural approach to social work aims at maintaining the social prestige with little if any interference with the social structures and the related stability (Turner, 2012). The conflict perspective, on the other hand, is based on the concept of power and inequality in the society. As a result, the cohesion that exists in a society is unhealthy and not supposed to be maintained.

The Changing Face of Islamism though its Colonial History Essay

The Changing Face of Islamism though its Colonial History - Essay Example Whether it was ruled by empires essentially Arab like those of the Ottoman, Arab, Iranian, or other Western superpowers, Islam has seemed to have made the most of these influences. But a more critical review is required to demonstrate whether this is entirely true in the face of Islam's stringent value system and lofty ideals, which are known to purport into every aspect of an individual's life. This paper seeks to explore the aspect of influences on the representation of Islam, from a critical point of view. To make our point more clear before proceeding to assess various influences that brought Islamism to where it now stands, it would be imperative to delve into a brief history of the colonial trends seen in the Islam world. Peculiar in its adoption of revolution which triggers modernity, Islamism has come to borrow ideas from the "social movement theory" in order to assist social scientists as they endeavor to study Islamism. Thus, we will find historical and structural explanations by linking Islamism to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, as well as the disappearance of caliphate as a symbol of Muslim unity. Further, the legacies of the Crusades and western imperialism, fundamentalist interpretations about the life of the Prophet and the Jihad apart from the American presence in Saudi Arabia and the war in Iraq have fuelled negative emotions such as frustration and humiliation.

WHAT IS MEANT BY STIGMA,AND DOES IT LINK WITH THE CONCEPT OF SOCIAL Essay

WHAT IS MEANT BY STIGMA,AND DOES IT LINK WITH THE CONCEPT OF SOCIAL EXCLUSIONS AND WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY AND PRACTICE - Essay Example In this regard, social labelling that discredits individuals’ virtual identities (Crocker et al 1998, p.505), inevitably leads to stigmatization that often times leads to distortion of individual identities. Social exclusion, on the other hand, refers to the state of being locked out from participation in the central social activities in one’s own society (Burchardt et al 2002, p.30); this means that if an individual fails to take part in social activities then they are ‘socially excluded’. The purpose of this paper is to explain what is meant by the term ‘stigma’, and to explore the possible linkage there is between this term and the concept of social exclusion; consequently, the conclusion of this paper will draw upon this knowledge to give implications for policy and practice. Simply put, stigma denotes ‘a mark of shame’ (Oxford Dictionaries, 2012), concomitant particularly with certain individuals in the society, thus, people who are stigmatized actually view themselves inferior due to social labels that describe them so, distorting their real identities. According to Chamberlin, stigma often leads to discrimination implying that the individual being stigmatized has a problem (Sayce 1998, pp.331-332); in this case, language is a powerful tool that functions in the creation of certain perceptions and stereotypes about individuals. When people make biased judgments concerning others, this negative labelling coupled with the resultant social labels and subsequent stigmatization that arises can be attributable to mental health issues. Language is very effective in helping people with mental illnesses to manage and eventually overcome their problem especially because the words used in reference to people influence their perceptions and expectatio ns respectively (Lynn 2010 p.1). For instance, existing knowledge shows that relapse rates of patients with mental

Neuropsychological Impact Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Neuropsychological Impact - Essay Example On the other hand, impulses were sent by waves on unmyelinated fibers. If a single peripheral fiber has been damaged, the myelins sheath gives off a track that is responsible for its regeneration. The myelin sheath does not always attain the perfect regeneration for each fiber. Sometimes, the correct muscles fibers are nowhere to be found so some motor neurons of the peripheral nervous system die. When the myelin layer is damaged, the individual may be prone to a higher level of dysfunctionality. Unmyelinated fibers and myelinated axons of the mammalian central nervous system do not regenerate. The reason for this is that the CNS of mammals in enclosed in the spinal column, which has a lesser deal of trauma rather than the peripheral nervous system. Research shows that optic nerve fibers in postnatal rats can regroup. But its regeneration often depends on two conditions namely: axonal die-back has to be prevented with appropriate neurotrophic factors and neurite growth inhibitory com ponents have to be inactivated. This led the scientists to further understand the regeneration of nerve fibers in mammalian CNS. For invertebrates, propagation of action potentials in unmyelinated axons is sufficient to run fast. To accelerate the speed, the axon should be a little larger. Increasing the speed of action potentials and increasing the diameter of the axon is not possible in vertebrates. Angeli et al.' s (2010) mentions that Squid giant axons spread up to 1 mm in diameter and have a great speed. Mammalian nerves have about 400 fibers in the same cross-sectional area as the squid giant axon. So if every nerve fiber is size of the squid giant axon, every nerve in mammals would be about 2 cm in diameter. Thus a different... This paper stresses that MS affects the ability of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, in communication with each other. Nerve cells communicate by electrical signals called action potentials on long-fiber axons that are wrapped in an insulating substance called myelin. In MS, the immune system attacks and damages the myelin. In case of loss of myelin, axons can no longer effectively carry signals. Name comes from multiple sclerosis, scarring and in particular in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord, which consists mainly of myelin. Although much is known about the procedures involved in the disease, the cause remains unknown. Theories include genetics or infections. Many environmental risk factors have been found. Almost all of the neurological symptoms may occur with the disease and often progresses to physical and cognitive disabilities. MS takes several forms, with new symptoms occurring either accumulates in discrete attacks or slowly over time. This report makes a conclusion that there is no known cure for multiple sclerosis. Treatment attempted return of function after an attack, preventing new attacks and prevent disability. MS drugs can have side effects or bad to be tolerated and many patients pursue alternative treatments, despite the lack of support for scientific studies. The prognosis is difficult to predict, depending on the subtype of disease, disease characteristics of each patient; the first symptoms and the degree of disability the person experiences as time advances, the life expectancy of patients 5-10 years younger with respect to the affected population.

The Effects of Relocation of the Capital City in Korea Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Relocation of the Capital City in Korea Essay Abstract Many people had suggested a negative effect of the relocation of the capital city in Korea. They argued that a decrease in population in the present capital region (Seoul) would result in income loss because total factor productivity (TFP) in Seoul is higher than in any other province. On the other hand, when we decompose TFP into TECs and technological progress (TP) in this paper, it shows that the technical efficiency changes (TECs) in the Chungnam region has remarkably improved. In addition, the labor productivity in the Chungnam area is found to be higher than in the Seoul area. Therefore, this study shows positive effects to the literature of the debates regarding whether the government should shift the capital city or not. Introduction Shifting the country’s capital city was a key pledge in President Roh Moo-Hyun’s 2002 election. Although the Parliament passed the law to create of a new capital city in Chungnam Province area, there have been many debates so far. The basic motivation for changing the Capital City from Seoul to another location (Chungnam Province) is that there are too many people living in Seoul. Presently 48 million people are squeezed in Seoul so that it creates unbalanced economic development. However, there are also some critics of the capital movement. One reason for the opposition is the project’s enormous cost. The project cost varies from approximately $45 billion estimated by the Parliament to $125 billion by some private institutions. Furthermore, history shows that purpose-built capitals have taken more time and money. For example, Brazil’s new Capital City, Brasilia, added to the country’s economic huge debts. Suh Kim (2004) discussed this matter in terms of the income effects of 5% of the population moving from the Seoul area to the new capital city. They said that if 5% of the current population relocates to Chungnam Province, 1.7% ~ 1.9% of the gross domestic product would be decreased. The reason for this is that total factor productivity (TFP) in the Seoul area is greater than in the new capital city. The purpose of the paper is to estimate TFP for both Seoul and the new capital city area, Chungnam Province, and decompose it into technical efficiency (TE), technological progress (TP), and input changes. Unlike Suh Kim (2004), the decomposition of TFP proposed by Han, Kalirajan, Singh (2002) not only explains the scale of the TFP, but also shows the characteristics and details of the TFP. It is when the local government has an economic policy -decision making. The second part of the paper surveys the literature of TFP as well as TFP related studies for relocation of the capital city in Korea. The third part studies decomposition of the TFP method proposed by Han, Kalirajan, Singh (2002). The fourth part reports the sources and uses of the data and the empirical results. The final part provides some concluding remarks. A survey of literature in TFP (Total Factor Productivity)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The total factor productivity is a variable, which represents the productivity of the whole economy. It analysis encompasses residual production output that cannot be justified by production factors.   Therefore, the total factor productivity is used as a method of measuring changes in production process efficiency. According to Solow (1956), an increase in output depends solely on technical progress in the long-term, however, in the short-term; capital accumulation plays an important role.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to this viewpoint, Solow (1956) perceived total factor productivity as a concept that includes productivity based on technical progress and other production factors, which is defined as the Solow Residual. Its increasing rate that is measured by subtracting the contributions of labor and capital stock from the growth rate of gross domestic product is a comprehensive concept including technical progress and others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There have been many studies on TFP growth, particularly in East Asia. According to Han, et al, (2002), most of the studies followed the growth accounting method using various production functions including trans-log and meta production functions.   However, we used to measure our Solow residuals until Nishimizu Page (1982) attempted to decompose TFP growth in Yugoslavia for the period of 1965-1978. TFP related studies in relocation of the capital cities in Korea   Suh (2004) estimated TFP in Seoul by the growth accounting method without the capital stocks recently. TFP in the near-Seoul area (including Kyungki Province) and strictly in the Seoul area shows as 0.039-0.047 and 0.042-0.048 respectively during 1990-2001.   This figure for Seoul area shows that TFP for non-near-Seoul area falls by 0.026. This gap has been widening as time goes by because the productivity in near-Seoul area is increasing faster than in non-near Seoul area.   Suh (Suh Kim [2004]) in another study estimated the income impacts of decentralization of population in Korea. Suh study suggested that if 5% of the current population of the Capital Region relocates to Chungnam Province, 1.7%-1.9% of GDP would be decreased. The main reason is simple that TFP in Seoul Region is higher than in non-Seoul regions. This conclusion is based and consistent with Suh earlier report in 2001. He added that the determinants affected for the Seoul to be higher than non-Seoul areas are such as the existence of high-technology industries as well as the infrastructure. On the other hand, there are several crucial criticisms in Suh’s study. First, he used the gross output as an output without a double deflation. According to Mahadevan (2002), one may use the value-added output by single deflation. However, the gross output should be deflated twice – corrected for purchases of intermediate inputs. Second, he assumed the share of the labor and capital in the production function: This could be very sensitive to the TFP estimation. Especially, his study lacks of the details of the information in TFP. The comparisons of TFP in Seoul and non-Seoul would suggest nothing but the figures of growth unexplained by the labor and capital stock increases. Decomposition of TECs, TP, and Input changes   According to Han, Kalirajan, Singh (2002), the frontier approach is able to decompose output growth into input growth; technical efficiency changes (TECs) and technological progress (TP). That is, Output Growth = Input growth + TFP growth   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   = Input growth + TECs + TP   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Above equation is algebraically described in graph A. The vertical axis measures outputs, and the horizontal axis measures inputs. Assume that a country faces two production functions, F1 and F2. The points on these functions represent the efficient production for period 1 and 2, respectively. In period 1, if the country is producing with full technical efficiency by following the best-practice techniques, its realized output will be y1* at the x1 input level. However, the country may not have efficient production, due to many constraints such as a lack of efficient organizational structure and a proper incentive structure for workers. In this case, the realized output y1 is less than the maximum possible output y1*: Technical efficiency TE1 is this gap between y1* and y1. Now, let us further assume that the production function shifts from F1 to F2 due to technological progress, including the improvements in human and capital inputs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     * Graph A: Decomposition of TFP (Total Factor Productivity)   The decomposition can be mathematically expressed as follows: D   = y2 – y1 = A + B + C = [y1* ââ€" ª y1] + [y1** ââ€" ª y1*] + [y2 y1**] = [y1* ââ€" ª y1] + [y1** ââ€" ª y1*] + [y2 y1**] +[y2*ââ€" ªy2*] = [y1* ââ€" ª y1] + [y1** ââ€" ª y1*] ââ€" ª [y2* y2] + [y2*ââ€" ªy1**] = {(y1* ââ€" ª y1) ââ€" ª (y2* y2)} + (y1**y1*) +(y2*ââ€" ªy1**)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   = Change in TE + TP + yx*  Ã‚   = TFP Growth + yx* Data Used Four different data sets are utilized for this analysis. First, manufacturing industry’s total gross nominal output, number of employees, value of tangible fixed assets (capital input), and cost of production (intermediate input) are taken from the Report on Mining and Manufacturing Survey (various issues). The sample period of the data is 1980- 2002. The second data set includes the same variables for Seoul during the same years. The third set of data is for the Daejon area, and it contains the period from 1988 to 2002. The last set includes the same variables for Chungnam Province from 1980 to 2002. The gross output and the total costs are deflated by the wholesale price index (1995= 100) from the Bank of Korea, while the capital deflator from the Ministry of Statistics deflates the tangible fixed assets. Results   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Table A shows the results of the decomposition. First, in the period of 1980-2002, the total manufacturing industry had 144% increase of output, while the output increased by 88.7% and 197% for Seoul and Chungnam. For the period, Chungnam has a higher output increase. Furthermore, one can see that the labor productivity, defined simply by the total output divided by the number of the labors in the region, skyrocketed in Chungnam compared to that of Seoul in Figure 4.1. Figure 4.2 shows the ratio of the increase in the labor productivity. In this ratio, Chungnam has 14 more years higher than Seoul. We can notice that the labor productivity in the year 2000 in Chungnam is 2.3 times higher than Seoul’s. Second, comparing TE1 against TE2 gives an idea how the technical efficiency improved in the regions. For the total, TE has improved so much that 20.2% of output change is due to TE, while this figure shows no improvement for Seoul, and the small amount of improvement is due to this figure. However, one can see that there is a tremendous improvement for Chungnam, so that TE causes 228.7% of the increase of output. Table A Results of the Decomposition    y2 y1 (output change) y1* y1 (TE1) y2* y2 (TE2) TE1+TE2 y1**– y1* (TP) TE+TP y2* y1** (input change) Total 1.438 -0.002 -0.292 0.290 -0.455 -0.165 1.603 (1980-02)          (0.202) (-0.316) (-0.114) (1.115) Total 0.764 -0.031 0.001 -0.032 -0.015 -0.047 0.811 (1988-02)          (-0.042) (-0.020) (-0.062) (1.062) Seoul 0.887 0.004 0.004 0 0.195 0.195 0.692 (1980-02)          (0.000) (0.220) (0.22) (0.780) Seoul 0.385 -0.003 0.014 -0.017 0.213 0.196 0.189 (1980-02)          (-0.044) (0.553) (0.509) (0.491) Daejon 0.596 -0.151 0.005 -0.156 -0.113 -0.269 0.865 (1988-02)          (-0.262) (-0.190) (-0.452) (1.451) Chungnam 1.972 -0.008 -0.012 0.004 -0.027 -0.023 1.995 (1980-02)          (0.002) (-0.140) (-0.138) (1.012) Chungnam 1.487 3.398 -0.002 3.400 -3.463 -0.063 1.487 (1988-02)          (2.287) (-2.329) (-0.042) (1) D+C 1.252 -0.004 -0.05 0.046 -0.248 -0.202 1.454 (1988-02)          (0.037) (-0.198) (-0.161) (1.161) (The numbers in the parenthesis indicates the percentage of the output change.) Third, comparing TP in the regions shows the highest increase for Seoul. 22% of the output change stems from TP, while this ratio shows a negative number for Chungnam. It might be a main reason that many economists criticize the relocation of the capital cities, in terms of productivity. The seventh column shows the TE+TP or TFP for the regions. Seoul has a higher number than Chungnam Province. TE and TP cause 22% of the output increased, while a negative number is resulted for Chungnam. The last column suggests that the majority of the output change occurred from the increase in inputs, labor and capital for Chungnam. * Graph B: Comparisons of Labor Productivity for three regions * Graph C: Ratio of increase in the labor productivity in three regions When using the time-span of 1988-2001, the only period available for Daejon area, one can see that TE for the Seoul area has deteriorated, while it has tremendously increased in Chungnam. Thus, for Chungnam, TE has induced two thirds of the output change. However, as far as TP is concerned, the exact opposite phenomenon has taken place. For Seoul, this figure for TP is 0.195, and 55.3% of the output change is due to TE, while Daejon, Chungnam, and Daejon + Chungnam (D+C) show negative effects of TP on their outputs. Moreover, 49.1% of the output change is induced by the increase of the inputs in Seoul, when the majority of the output increase has occurred from the increase of the inputs for Chungnam and D+C. Conclusion Ever since President Rho Moo-Hyun’s pledge to shift the country’s capital city was announced, the issue has been a debated several times in Korea. Much research is being conducted to ascertain the economic appropriateness or validity of shifting it. One can hardly find the productivity analysis related. Suh Kim (2004) in the study analyzes the effects of income when 5% of Seoul area’s population moves to a new capital city: There would be an income loss of 1.7%-1.9% of GDP. This is because the Seoul area has higher TFP than any other area.   However, this paper further searches the characteristics of TFP in which we decompose its causes into technical efficiency, technological progress, and input changes.   It seems that the Seoul area has been flourishing with its increased output caused by the higher TFP, the total addition of the technical efficiency, and technological progress greater than in the Chungnam area so much that Suh and other criticizers of shifting the country’s capital city suggest not changing the location of the capital city. However, when we decompose and compare the TFP into TE and TP, it can be noticed that the Chungnam area has had a higher TE than Seoul, but vice-versa for TP. One can also see that the labor productivity in Chungnam has been higher than in Seoul, and this difference is even growing greater. Thus, our study adds to the literature of the debates regarding whether the government should shift the capital city or not, in that one may at least say that there would be some positive effects in TFP analysis. References Aigner, Dennis, J., C. A. Lovell, and Peter J, Schmidt (1977), â€Å"formulation and Estimation of Stochastic Frontier Production Function Models,† Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 21-37. Barro, Robert J.and Xavier Sala-I-Martin. 1995. Economic Growth, New York: McGraw Hill. Charles I. Jones, Introduction to Economic Growth, 2nd edition, W.W.Norton, 2005. Han, Gaofeng, Kaliappa Kalirajan, Nirvikar Singh (2002), â€Å"Productivity and Economic Growth in East Asia: Innovation, Efficiency and Accumulation,† Japan and the World Economy, Vol. 14, pp. 401-24. Mahadevan R.(2002) New Currents in Productivity Analysis, Asian Productivity Organization, Productivity Series 31. Nishmizu, Mieko, and John Page(1982),† Total Factor Productivity Growth, Technological Progress and Technical Efficiency Change: Dimensions of Productivity Change in Yugoslavia, 1965-78, † Economic Journal, Vol. 92, pp. 920-36. Solow, Robert M., A Contribution in the Theory of Economic Growth, Quarterly Journal of Economics 70, Feb. 1956. Solow, R. M.(1957), â€Å"Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function,† Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 39, pp. 312-320. Suh, Sung-Hwan. and   Kim, Kabsung(2004), â€Å"The Income Impacts of Decentralization of Population in Korea,† Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 65-78. Data Source Bank of Korea Economic Statistics System(ECOS)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Available at : http://www. ecos.bok.or.kr Korea National Statistical Office(KNSO)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Available at : http://www.nso.go.kr/eng2006/emain/index.html

Twitter Strategic Analysis

Twitter Strategic Analysis Twitter Inc Introduction about Company: Twitter is one of the foremost social networking service which is engage in facilitating it’s millions of users to send and receive short messages of about 140 characters called ‘’tweets’’. Users which are registered are entitled to reading and posting of tweets, however users which are unregistered are only able to read the tweets. Users can have the twitter access either through the website interface, mobile app or SMS. The Head quarter of Twitter Inc. lies in San Francisco and holds about more than 25 registered offices worldwide. Jack Dorsey, Biz Stone, Noah Glass and Evan Williams are the key persons which perform the creation of Twitter in March 2006 and it’s launching by July 2006. Soon after the launch, global popularity and recognition was achieved by this newly introduced service at a high pace. In the year 2012, above 100 million users posted about 340 million tweets per day. About 1.6 billion queries per day have also been handled by this service. For the year 2013, Twitter was declared one of the most visited websites. Also was pronounced to be ‘’the SMS of the Internet’’. Up to the latest period of December 2014, more than 500 million users have been listed in the Twitter’s user directory, within which about 284 million are active. Introduction about Industry: 300 words About 10 years ago the Industry of Social media was introduce to the world, when chat messengers launch the service of communication and content sharing for the public covered on the internet with each other. The largest US-based social media industry is mainly dominated by Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn. Other i.e. Non-US based performers who have a giant user directory include China-based SINA Corp. (SINA) and TENCENT HOLDINGS ADR (TCEHY) and Russian based social networking site called Vkontakte. Almost all the social networking industry players are still very fresh; however, a few of stylized facts pertaining to these industry players appear to have surfaced in the few preceding years. Firstly, the Social networking companies seems to compete with each other to display the main contents in such a manner that will generate user interest at a high level, and consequently, result in increased user engagement. This is due to the fact that user engagement is ultimately the biggest effective source of revenue generation. Based on relevance and engagement, user is likely to stay active on Social network platforms. Maybe this could be the reason of why Friendster and Myspace were declared to be well-liked platforms a decade ago, which afterward had to hand over their popular industry standings to the giants of modern Social giants like Twitter and Facebook. Currently, the industry of social media is engaged in dealing in business combinations i.e. mergers and acquisitions. One the biggest acquisition in the present period is that of WhatsApp. This messaging app was acquired by Facebook for a price of $19 Billion in February 2014. The players of Social media industry internationally are also been engaged in the acquisition, right, left and center: Rakuten, a Japanese interned giant, acquired Viber in 2014 for $900 million. Alibaba acquired 18% shares in a china social network Weibo and about 205% share in Tango in 2014. Competitive assets and competitive advantage of the company: 650 words Competitive advantage is of very much critically significant for each and every business as it’s what differentiates a business from your competitors. Twitter launched their business with a distinguishing strategy that compared with social network rivals i.e. Facebook, Google plus and Myspace etc. The quality of flexibility was implemented through a distinguish communication method. Twitter is the leading active mode of social networking in which users can communicate with each other without knowing themselves (Tagtmeier 2009). Actually, Twitters allows the transmission of information to users to a lot of friends as well as strangers. Whereas on the other hand provides users friends, Twitter users can be friends with each other or be a follower simply. Additionally Twitter has started effective fee for users as well as advertisers by way of ‘’promoted tweets’’ in the year 2010. This implemented strategy was able to attract companies including virgin American, Starbucks, Bravo and Best Buy etc. to join in Twitter website (Mark & Parker 2011). In order to be in touch with what’s going on in associated customer’s world, Twitter can be considered as excellent way: What are customer promoting’s The support Causing Hosting events by customers Conferences the customers are attending Awards the customers are receiving Expansion and/or Hiring plans There exist mainly two keys to develop successful strategic partnerships firstly including giving ad secondly top of mind. Formulating a Twitter List of all the associated strategic partners can assist you in both these aspects. It will also enable you a simple way to be connected between face-to-face meetings and phone calls. One of the prevalent topics named â€Å"Inbound marketing†; we would all appreciate to have a number of customers hammering our door. A lot of businesses are unable to meet their targeted goals with an inbound=d approach only. This could be considered correct in the initial phase of forming an inbound system. Even if a business holds a mature inbound system of marketing in position, top sales people even now like to hunt. They have in mind their â€Å"Dream 10†³ or â€Å"Top 100†³ aspects which they follow pro-actively. A large number of industry experts, those who use to write books and speak at conferences, are actively available on twitter. They frequently share their current thinking’s, trends, research they are viewing etc. In real time, be ‘’in the know’’, by way of forming and monitoring a list of all of these experts. Moreover, as a unique feature of twitter- â€Å"real time sharing†, the leading advantage which set competitively Twitter distant from its major competitors concerned a large number of peoples to join. In real time manner, a user is able to share anything. Others have an option to follow this particular user if they like him and also have a number of choices to interrelate with the said user for example ‘’retweet’’ and ‘’reply’’ .On the other hand, Facebook, the other social networking giant, quickly formed a new feature similar to Twitter that display friends real-time activities, which caused a major threat to Twitter. Therefore, for the purpose of grabbing a large share of market, Twitter should ensure innovation and creation of new features which are challenging for other networking sites to copy. Analyzing the market: For the last several years, there has been observed significant growth in the market popular social networking platforms like twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn etc., Talking about the market share of these giants of social networking, the stats are shown below which reveal that popularity and share in market for each of the giant of social networking. SWOT Analysis: Strengths Easy set up Largepenetration or market reach Very useful for setting up an engagement strategy Active community members (willing to be the representatives of the institute) Build a converse and conversation with others Quick exchange of information Direct audience contact ( like face-to-face) Allows you connect and follow with people/groups that seem interesting to you Cost-effective in the ways most of the networks are free. Their demand is just your time Human factor: Company’s â€Å"brand† becomes more HUMAN Media exposure In terms of micro-messaging, Twitter is in a strong position in the market. Only real competitor here is Facebook Weaknesses Existence of a lot of â€Å"Why Bother† from majority people (i.e. Facebook users) Needs to have more horsepower. It is down often Difficult to instruct or persuade group members/ management teamon the principles of social media Tweets are Unequal distributed. 90% of the tweets usually come from thetop 10% of the users. Holds low retention rate of about 40% only Lack of resources or tools to follow and monitor the campaign results of social media There is limitation of API calls. Hits App growth What aboutinformation leakage, liability, security, and management? Generally Blocked at most of work sites: management considers it drop in productivity; hits bottom line Opportunity Creating/joining active presence on sites where there is no current existence of the company Excellent opportunity for organizations and individuals to join and exchange information News, events and Promotions that can be proposed by way of social media networks Partnerships with organizations, other groups, schools, Departments of government, etc. Recruitment of interested new students ,members and public support Proposes you to form short and long term relationships with prospects Improves the ‘brand’ and formulates the process of recruitment personal It can acquire dominance in search engines Branding opportunities, Immediate delivery and increased marketing opportunities Allow Tweets to become â€Å"crawled by Spiders† Threats Macro factors i.e. economy, will this influence your base of user? Competitor is following the same audience or same space with similar campaign Is the current campaign feasible, can it continue? What complications stand in the track of success and failure? We’ve all be informed of a few awkward stories about over-sharing online, and a few examples of high-profile might make people to rethink about their habits Got too much popularity/publicity in a very short time. May get burned out It is dangerously getting porn spammy/spammy No existence of solid revenue model (advertisements in future?) Paid twitter streams may hit the brand image The table above demonstrates the percentage of visits by giants of the Social Media Networking Industry. Future Trends: 300 words 1) Shifting from tweeting to searching As more sign ups, the ratio of signal-to-noise is drops. Progressively the only available way of finding information would be the Twitter search tool 2) Twitter wills danger Google There exist many pretenders to the Google search sovereignty But Twitter’s offering is much more: Near real-time results Follow search topic Tweets Human sorted Twitter ‘trending’ topics 3) Three types of users will surface Chats will continue to about what eat in lunch (‘bla bla bla’) Strainers will use Twitter to examine the words on the ‘street’ and news. Broadcasters will continue Tweets pumping out, perhaps losing followers beside the way. 4) Automated tools will be used to increase Most tweets are links to posts and interesting articles Automated tools can now perform this autonomously This will ultimately erode the percentage of real interaction with followers Some well-known users of Twitter are even using ‘Ghost’ Tweeters 5) Twitter to be news powerhouse Users reported from plane crashes, natural disasters and terror attacks This ‘citizen journalism’ has transform Twitter’s value as a source of news extremely 6) Twitter will fracture Twitter has many paths having the potential for future development This may result into split out present functionality into paths services For example: News , Search, Micro-blogging Recommendations: 200 words after a detailed analysis of the Twitter Inc. it can be recommended that more customer specific strategies should be implemented and more customer facilitating apps and contents should be made available to users in order to maintain and flourish the existing market share at an increasing pace. Moreover, controls and strong market watch should be made in order to have a competitive over the other giants of Social Marketing networks for purpose of ensuring survival and growth. Conclusion: 200 words After analyzing the company, its market share, competitive advantages, SWOT analysis and the future trend of Twitter it can be concluded that Twitter has the ability to grab the title of world’s largest social networking site provided the company maintains and booms its current standing the market. Appendixes: 5 years Financial Ratios Calculations Financial previsions for the next 3 years based on company’s objectives: Compute the g factor and do some simulations and make recommendations

Analysis of A Lesson Before Dying Essay -- Ernest J. Gaines

Grant Wiggins is the narrator of the novel. He was born in the plantation just outside of Bayonne, Louisiana. He lived there until he went away to college, and when he went back home, he was detached from the people in the town because of his education and different religious beliefs. He is easily angered and often very selfish. This is seen in the way that he acts towards Vivian. He consistently does not give her the attention or respect that she deserves. He refers to her children as simply, â€Å"the babies,† and only cares about the names of his and Vivian’s future children. Grant goes from shallow and selfish at the beginning of the story, to caring and loving at the end. Jefferson is an honest, young black man with below-average intelligence. After being called a hog by his lawyer, he loses all self-respect, and feels as if he is really no better than a hog. He becomes sullen and angry after being sentenced to death. The visits that Grant pays Jefferson eventually revive him out of his emotional slumber, and he begins to see himself as a human being again. Ultimately, he serves as Grants teacher, as he shows him how to be loyal and how to love. Tante Lou is Grant’s extremely religious and aunt. She is very persistent, and does not stop begging Henri Pichot until he agrees to talk to the sheriff about her and Grant visiting Jefferson. Tante Lou’s faith allows her to believe that Jefferson will die as a man. Without this faith, Grant, at first, does not believe in Jefferson. Despite her social status because of her skin, she and Miss Emma dress with dignity, and demand respect from all who will give it to them. Minor Characters Miss Emma is Jefferson’s godmother. She loves her godson Jefferson, and shows this through all of... ...ed by Grant on his drive to Bayonne. â€Å"I want you to show them the difference between what they think you are and what you can be.† This is a quote from Grant to Jefferson. Grant tries to instill on Jefferson the significance of his death. He wanted Jefferson to be an example of the strength of black people as a whole. â€Å"To show too much intelligence would have been an insult to them. To show a lack of intelligence would have been a greater insult to me.† This is a quotation of Grant’s thoughts. He was talking to the sheriff, and did not know how to act. He is more educated than the sheriff, but since he is black, he cannot show it. â€Å"Manners if for the living.† This quote is from Jefferson to Grant. Jefferson said this to Grant after insulting Vivian. It shows his lack of love for life. At this point of the story, he was sad and lonely and did not want to live.